Arguably the most important area to cover when presenting evidence to a court is that of continuity. As we discuss gathering and processing evi - dence, it is important to consider the role of officers and investigators to understand the con - tinuity needed in matters of physical evidence. However, this point became obvious to the jury as they returned a “no cause” verdict in favor of the defendants. At that moment (which I remember like it was yesterday), I showed the impressions of the practice forgery to the plaintiff’s attorney who was also present at the examination. The questioned entries that were written on the front of the page that intersected with writing on the back all showed that they were written in the normal course of events and not added at a later time as alleged by the plaintiff. Documentary evidence is a broad term that includes almost anything on paper. The second examination was to look at the gun to determine if there was any way to prove that the deceased was holding the weapon at the time the police officer fired. The judge in Mexico took testimony from both experts and agreed with the position of the plaintiff, that the documents were genuine. This consists of examinations including firearms, toolmarks, fingerprints, blood, other body fluids, bloodspatter, bullet trajectory, clothing for distance determination, footwear, tire tracks, DNA, and forensic pathology. Real evidence; 2. When copies of the second notebook were compared to the set of copies kept by the attorney that prosecuted the original patent, it was discovered that there were MANY additions to the critical pages which greatly broadened the scope of the original patent application. The “unsol” was stated to mean unsolicited trade that was initiated by the client. Again both experts testified, this time live in front of the jury. The known signatures were found to be replete with individual handwriting habits and easily identifiable with one another. The fingerprint examination found that none of the cups had the fingerprints of the deceased or any blood of the deceased on them. This evidence was presented at trial to the jury with the aid of blow-ups of the testing results. Practice relating to documents as evidence in legal proceedings in Australia is complicated and varies according to jurisdiction. What are the odds of that if they were done over a 24 month period as purported? His response was classic, he stated “I think this means that my kids are going to private schools”. Found inside – Page 388... and failure case studies, 254–255 case study theme examples, ... 71–72 documentary evidence, 61 fatal aircraft crash case study, 61–62 forensic ... Based on the results of those tests, a deposition was requested. For example, if the trial surrounds a breach of contract, the documentary evidence … At the conclusion of the deposition, the document was taken back to the office and processed on the ESDA instrument. What are individual characteristics? Documentary evidence is a broad term that includes almost anything on paper. In this type of relative ink age comparison, no difference in the relative age of the ink would be seen if the questioned entry was written within 6 months of its purported date. There are several different types of cases in the employment law area of practice. This information was disclosed at the deposition. Documentary evidence is written or recorded evidence, such as a phone conversation or a written document. The plaintiff’s attorney contacted us to determine if the progress notes were genuine or written after the fact. The impressions were that of practice attempts to forge the employee’s name. When this page was compared to the next page in sequence, the information contained on the missing page was nearly identical to the next page that was currently there. This was extremely remote due to the amount of writing and information contained in them. Examples of demonstrative evidence include photos, x-rays, videotapes, movies, sound recordings, diagrams, forensic animation, maps, drawings, graphs, animation, simulations, and models. During the criminal case, the other forensic findings by our firm were confirmed by evidence that was disclosed. Listen, if you trade kiddie porn online, it’s just a matter of time before you … Documentary evidence can include contracts, business records, or other types of items upon which information is recorded. We were given her diary for comparison to the ink in the pen. Electronic communication records: The most common examples are telephone call records, copies of emails sent and/or received, or internet usage records if such technologies are alleged to have been used in the stalking or harassment. Forensic Document Examination can reveal for evidence of alterations, obliterations, erasures and page substitutions. Such changes that are not visible to the naked eye can be detected using photography and UV/IR imaging devices. Individual physical evidence. Found inside – Page 42Testimonial—Testimonial evidence is information that forensic specialists use to support or interpret real or documentary evidence. For example, they may ... Some cases are to determine if documents were signed in blank, if the signatories were tricked, or if alterations were made to the content of the documents. The first is in the wage and hourly area where disgruntled employees will produce falsified time records showing the hours worked over a long period of time, which is typically all created years after the fact. This … This was determined by finding the model document (which had the confidential label) and matching up a transient damage pattern from the copy machine that could not have been aligned by chance. The examination disclosed several points, first was that the “6” had not been altered and no erasures were present in that area; second, the “6” was similar in formatting to other known “6”’s by the doctor; and third, the ink used to create the “6” was the same formulation and made by the same manufacturer as the doctor’s signature and the text of the prescription. After a signature examination was conducted by both sides and determined that the signature was genuine. There are a range of cases that contract law can be assisted by our laboratory’s forensic solutions. data and computer fi les. The broker then produced a diary that contained an entry that stated “advised client against current aggressive investment plan, client wants to continue”. Even though several people had handled the document, it had never been handled by the boss through the discovery and could have only been handled by the boss if it was it the time it was presented to him by the plaintiff. A case will go to trial when the government believes they have enough We were contacted by the plaintiff’s lawyer who wanted to determine whether the questioned consult note was written on its purported date or at a later time. Types of legal evidence include testimony, documentary evidence, and physical evidence. An appropriate foundation from the custodian of such records would be necessary for such material to be actually introduced into evidence. With respect to the latter, it is critical that there be a clear record of what they said. The two sisters wanted this amount paid back after their father’s death. Medical records. Found inside – Page 217A forensics document examiner testifies that she compared the allegedly forged check with a handwriting exemplar provided by the defendant, ... • Testimonial—Testimonial evidence is information that forensic specialists use to support or interpret real or documentary evidence. This method is FAR more sensitive and effective than simple optical examinations. The Document Unit for the Indiana State Police is located at the Indianapolis Regional Laboratory and provides forensic examinations of documentary evidence collected in criminal cases throughout the State. A company was sued by several ex-employees for wage violations. It can also be determined whether the front of a page (or a portion of it) was written before or after the following page, especially in a notebook. All of the evidence will be assessed; this includes documentary evidence, and evidence given by witnesses. For example, they may employ Letters, contracts, deeds, licenses, certificates, tickets, or other writings are documentary evidence. offer some type of expert testimony and documentary evidence to prove the cause of death.4 This Article explores the strategies of using and countering the ... experts in forensic pathology5 may differ, and such differences in ... For example, in Common-wealth v. However two interesting cases will be discussed below for now. In perhaps my second most favorite case (second to Aptix v. Quickturn discussed above), the most devastating results were found leading to who forged a signature. This means that the progress notes contained in the file were not written until after the letter was received that informed the doctor he was going to be sued. We occupy 6,000 square feet of professional office space where our state-of-the-art instruments are located. 1. The Handbook of Forensic Services provides guidance and procedures for safe and efficient methods of collecting, preserving, packaging, and shipping evidence and describes the forensic examinations performed by the FBI's Laboratory Division ... It was found that the ink in the pen and the ink that was in the diary were exactly the same formulation made by the same manufacturer. Our firm was contacted by the plaintiff’s attorney to examine the original prescription pad to determine who placed the “6” on the document or if it had been altered from a different number. At the conclusion, the judge awarded terminating sanctions to Disney for multiple and ongoing discovery abuses. For example, GA Code § 17-5-32 (2014) contains an extensive list of what the state considers documentay evidence: “the term ‘documentary evidence’ includes but is not limited to writings, documents, blueprints, drawings, photographs, computer printouts, microfilms, X-rays, files, diagrams, ledgers, books, tapes, audio and video recordings, and papers of any type or description.”. 2.2.1 All digital evidence is subject to the same rules and laws that apply to documentary evidence. The writer was unaware that the impressions from this “thrown away” page were still present in the submitted evidence. If the writing was done before the writing on the back, then it had to be done within about a week and not at a later time after the lawsuit was filed. The first is in the area of petition circulation. This was discovered because the progress notes were written on a document that was not in existence until later in the treatment and was not in the chart at the time the progress notes should have been written. Speckin Forensic Laboratories has been in business since 1979 assisting attorneys and others in their cases involving documents, inks, crime scenes, computer data recovery, DNA, handwriting, fingerprints, and other forensic issues. Different forms of evidence can be broadly classified into testimonial, physical, and documentary evidence. The case eventually went to trial, but the critical issue was conceded before trial and the case settled while in trial. 2. The most common is in the area of signature analysis. When conducting an interview, an investigator must determine how to create a detailed and accurate record of the discussion. Search manuals and training for your court. We were contacted by the defense attorney. Physical Evidence The forensic scientist is most interested in physical evidence. V, No. A large effort was then made to locate the buck shot pellets that were not contained in the deceased. Originally, digital or electronic type of evidence was not mentioned … Examples would be a murder weapon, a hard disk drive, fingerprints, blood or other bodily fluids, clothing, stolen property, etc. Forensic Chromatography of Documentary Evidence and its Role in Solving Dark Cases to Provide Justice Vol. The signature was confirmed into page one and also found into page two, even though it could not be seen with the naked eye. Interestingly, as the attempts progressed, the quality of the forgery became better and better. A supplemental ink dating examination showed several more critical entries on different patient’s records were written well after their purported dates. In this instance, if the questioned entries on the back of the page were already on the paper at the time the next page was written, than the questioned entry again would have been written within 2 weeks of its purported date and not later. We currently examine over 150 such cases a year and have a near perfect mix of 50/50 plaintiff vs. defense cases. What turned out to be the case was that the writer was writing the time sheets all in a stack and when the writer noticed a mistake was made with the wrong year on one of the pages, the writer simply threw that page away and re-wrote the page. A subsequent trial occurred in Laredo, Texas. 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