Some countries which had been supporting the fascist policy broke off with Nazi Germany. Based on the information of the expert Richthofen, he declared that contrary to the example of the pocket of Demyansk the permanent supply by air would be impossible. While a motorised breakout might have been possible in the first few weeks, the 6th Army now had insufficient fuel and the German soldiers would have faced great difficulty breaking through the Soviet lines on foot in harsh winter conditions. [90] Exceptionally intense shelling and bombing paved the way for the first German assault groups. ' The Germans were in retreat on a scale never seen before shortly following the end of the Battle of Stalingrad' They weren't; just weeks after Stalingrad ended, Manstein led 70,000 German soldiers to defeat 350,000 Red Army soldiers at the Third Battle of Kharkov, a counter-offensive that was highly successful. General Richthofen informed Manstein on 27 November of the small transport capacity of the Luftwaffe and the impossibility of supplying 300 tons a day by air. [164] More Soviet tanks were destroyed as they overran the Romanian airfields. "[144] On 24 January, in his radio report to Hitler, Paulus reported: "18,000 wounded without the slightest aid of bandages and medicines. In the Stalingrad battle article he is mentioned only once. [156][self-published source?] There was virtually no hope for the city of Berlin defenders against the superior and dominant Red Army, but nevertheless, the city defenders put up a fierce and substantial battle, turning it into the second most ferocious battle following the Battle of Stalingrad. Occasionally Italian actions were mentioned in official German communiques. Searching for missing soldiers in Stalingrad. In another part of the city, a Soviet platoon under the command of Sergeant Yakov Pavlov fortified a four-story building that oversaw a square 300 meters from the river bank, later called Pavlov's House. 160 aircraft were destroyed and 328 were heavily damaged (beyond repair). [102], The Royal Romanian Air Force was also involved in the Axis air operations at Stalingrad. From 16 to 25 September, it carried out 9,746 missions (975 per day). [82] Soviet nurses not only treated wounded personnel under fire but were involved in the highly dangerous work of bringing wounded soldiers back to the hospitals under enemy fire. On 23 August the 6th Army reached the outskirts of Stalingrad in pursuit of the 62nd and 64th Armies, which had fallen back into the city. Total War follows the fortunes of these fighters as they liberated Russia and the Ukraine from the Nazi invader and fought their way into the heart of the Reich. After their defeat at Stalingrad, the German High Commandh… is A. Germany was looking in the face of defeat. [92] In response to the German breakthrough to the Volga, the front headquarters committed three battalions from the 300th Rifle Division and the 45th Rifle Division of Colonel Vasily Sokolov, a substantial force of over 2,000 men, to the fighting at the Red October Factory. Of the 190,000 who survived the battle and marched into Soviet captivity in February … Writing in his diary on 1 January 1943, British General Alan Brooke, Chief of the Imperial General Staff, reflected on the change in the position from a year before: I felt Russia could never hold, Caucasus was bound to be penetrated, and Abadan (our Achilles heel) would be captured with the consequent collapse of Middle East, India, etc. [96] Determined to crush Soviet resistance, Luftflotte 4's Stukawaffe flew 900 individual sorties against Soviet positions at the Stalingrad Tractor Factory on 5 October. It was not until 1955 that the last of the 5,000–6,000 survivors were repatriated (to West Germany) after a plea to the Politburo by Konrad Adenauer. Paulus requested that he be granted permission to accept the terms. a. memphis to chattanooga to richmond. [89], After 27 September, much of the fighting in the city shifted north to the industrial district. [77] Richard Overy addresses the question of just how important the Red Army's coercive methods were to the Soviet war effort compared with other motivational factors such as hatred for the enemy. Army Group B was commanded by General Maximilian von Weichs.[33]. Zaytsev practiced a new battle tactics on this task- group hunting. Mansur Abdulin fought in the front ranks of the Soviet infantry against the German invaders at Stalingrad, Kursk and on the banks of the Dnieper. This is his extraordinary story. in britain, it's called the sepoy mutiny on the indian mutiny, but in india, it's called the first war of independence. The railway station changed hands 14 times in six hours. The Operation began on June 22 nd , 1941. [55] The Soviets continued to pour aerial reinforcements into the Stalingrad area in late September, but continued to suffer appalling losses; the Luftwaffe had complete control of the skies. *Includes pictures. *Includes accounts of the battles by citizens, soldiers and important generals. *Includes a bibliography for further reading. Army Group South was selected for a sprint forward through the southern Russian steppes into the Caucasus to capture the vital Soviet oil fields there. In a move completely stunning the German Army, the Soviet Union have launched an offensive aimed at encircling the Axis soldiers in Stalingrad. In fact, this statue is a part of a sculptural triptych. By The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. The battle of Stalingrad is considered by many historians to be the ultimate turning point and most decisive battle of World War II. Stalingrad was ultimately a battle of resources, both human and material between the two forces equally determined. This was the largest offensive ever carried out in history. Presents an overview of the Battle of Stalingrad, which occurred during World War II in 1942, compiled by David W. Koeller. Describes the military exchange between the Germans and the Soviet forces. Inarguably one of the most merciless and destructive battles throughout history. [30], The Soviets realised their critical situation, ordering everyone who could hold a rifle into the fight. Delays in ending the siege pushed back the start date for Blau several times, and the city did not fall until early July. Questions and Answers. [43] It has been said that Stalin prevented civilians from leaving the city in the belief that their presence would encourage greater resistance from the city's defenders. [176] It is often identified as the turning point on the Eastern Front, in the war against Germany overall, and in the entire Second World War. Therefore, a “victory” in the Battle of Stalingrad is any outcome where the Soviets are denied the following: Control of the Stalingrad railway station, which is a convenient logistical hub and a potential supply station for any offensive. Found insideEnemy at the Gates is the enthralling result: the definitive account of one of the most important battles in world history. The initial advance of the 6th Army was so successful that Hitler intervened and ordered the 4th Panzer Army to join Army Group South (A) to the south. The attacking Soviet units under the command of Gen. Nikolay Vatutin consisted of three complete armies, the 1st Guards Army, 5th Tank Army and 21st Army, including a total of 18 infantry divisions, eight tank brigades, two motorised brigades, six cavalry divisions and one anti-tank brigade. X O 3 do co 7 6 Mark this an... View a few ads and unblock the answer on the site. By 1942, the Germans had made significant progress in the war and were plotting their next moves against the Allies, mainly Russia. England would be again bombarded, threat of invasion revived... And now! The command congratulated Vasily on an essential duel and entrusted his group with a new important task. Some countries which had been supporting the fascist policy broke off with Nazi Germany. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. All of the 19 German tanks were lost, as well as 81 of the R-2 light tanks. The Battle of Stalingrad The Battle of Stalingrad is regarded as the greatest battle and the war's turning point among all the battles fought during World War II. The Battle of Stalingrad was a major and decisive battle of World War II in which Nazi Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in the southwestern Soviet Union. *Includes pictures *Includes accounts of the battles by soldiers and generals on both sides *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading World War II was fought on a scale unlike anything before or since in human ... The Stalingrad Tractor Factory continued to turn out T-34 tanks up until German troops burst into the plant. Both sides … This attack raged from the 23rd of August, 1942 to February 2nd, 1943, just over five months - after which time the Soviets emerged the undisputed victors. [104] From 21 August to 20 November, the German 6th Army lost 60,548 men, including 12,782 killed, 45,545 wounded and 2,221 missing. [182], At this point, the British had won the Battle of El Alamein in November 1942. Battle of Stalingrad. The next day he made a six-page situation report to the general staff. Hitler was confident that he could break the Red Army despite the heavy German losses west of Moscow in winter 1941–42, because Army Group Centre (Heeresgruppe Mitte) had been unable to engage 65% of its infantry, which had meanwhile been rested and re-equipped. Only on December 28 was Army Group A ordered to withdraw from the Caucasus. The correct answer was given: calebhoover03. The first reason being that the Battle of Stalingrad marked the end of the advance of Germany into eastern Europe and Russia. Some 1,000 tons of bombs were dropped in 48 hours, more than in London at the height of the Blitz. Poised in Eastern Ukraine, it was to spearhead the offensive. [Note 4], As historian Chris Bellamy notes, the Germans paid a high strategic price for the aircraft sent into Stalingrad: the Luftwaffe was forced to divert much of its air strength away from the oil-rich Caucasus, which had been Hitler's original grand-strategic objective. [190], The events of the Battle for Stalingrad have been covered in numerous media works of British, American, German, and Russian origin,[191] for its significance as a turning point in the Second World War and for the loss of life associated with the battle. Due to a limited number of available aircraft and having only one available airfield, at Pitomnik, the Luftwaffe could only deliver 105 tonnes of supplies per day, only a fraction of the minimum 750 tonnes that both Paulus and Zeitzler estimated the 6th Army needed. d. Hitler's plans of dominating Europe had ended. The Battle of Stalingrad is considered to be one of the turning points of World War II. The battle ended with the encirclement and destruction of an entire German field army. The building was labelled Festung ("Fortress") on German maps. There was nothing we could do for them.[172]. "[126] The Luftwaffe was able to deliver an average of 85 tonnes of supplies per day out of an air transport capacity of 106 tonnes per day. at Stalingrad – Catherine Merridale notes that, seemingly paradoxically, "their response was frequently relief. Following military service and Zaytsev’s sniper school. The Germans had no usable tanks in the city, and those that still functioned could, at best, be used as makeshift pillboxes. 30 seconds. This slowed the German advance and reduced the effectiveness of the German advantage in supporting fire. Soviet offensives in the central and northern portions of the Eastern Front tied down Luftwaffe reserves and newly built aircraft, reducing Luftflotte 4's percentage of Eastern Front aircraft from 60 percent on 28 June to 38 percent by 20 September. In the Battle of Stalingrad (23 August 1942 – 2 February 1943),[17][18][19] Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in Southern Russia. Bragging Rights. b. Hitler controlled the Caucasus oil fields. This defeat forced the Axis to retreat from the Caucasus in fear of becoming trapped. The main attack (led by the 14th Panzer and 305th Infantry Divisions) attacked towards the tractor factory, while another assault led by the 24th Panzer Division hit to the south of the giant plant. The remaining forces continued to resist, hiding in cellars and sewers but by early March 1943, the last small and isolated pockets of resistance had surrendered. Three days later, when the first trainload of Raus's division steamed into Kotelnikovo station to unload, his troops were greeted by "a hail of shells" from Soviet batteries. Despite this, and with no support available from other units, the AA gunners stayed at their posts and took on the advancing panzers. The Luftwaffe helped repel the offensive by heavily attacking Soviet artillery positions and defensive lines. The outcome of the airlift was the Luftwaffe's failure to provide its transport units with the tools they needed to maintain an adequate count of operational aircraft – tools that included airfield facilities, supplies, manpower, and even aircraft suited to the prevailing conditions. Battle of Stalingrad: A History From Beginning to End (World War 2 Battles) - Kindle edition by History, Hourly. b. vicksburg to savannah c. charleston to nashville d. new orleans to montgomery to knoxville. Almost every letter expressed belief in Germany's ultimate victory and their willingness to fight and die at Stalingrad to achieve that victory. Lasting from August 1942 to February 1943, the Battle of Stalingrad was the largest battle of World War II — and in the history of warfare. "[80] At the beginning of the battle there were 75,000 women and girls from the Stalingrad area who had finished military or medical training, and all of whom were to serve in the battle. He acknowledged the heavy moral sacrifice that giving up Stalingrad would mean, but this would be made easier to bear by conserving the combat power of the Sixth Army and regaining the initiative. From there he established himself as the de facto warlord of Outer Mongolia, the base for a fantastical plan to restore the Russian and Chinese empires, which then ended with his capture and execution by the Red Army as the war drew to a ... [168] On 18 February, Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels gave the famous Sportpalast speech in Berlin, encouraging the Germans to accept a total war that would claim all resources and efforts from the entire population. This artillery was able to bombard the German positions or at least provide counter-battery fire. Positions were taken individually, but the Germans were never able to capture the key crossing points along the river bank. [188][189] Since then, military parades have always commemorated the victory in the city. "[145], On 26 January 1943, the German forces inside Stalingrad were split into two pockets north and south of Mamayev-Kurgan. The answer to that lies in the following points: – Origins of the battle: – after the failure of operation Barbarossa and the unsuccessful seize of Moscow, Hitler decided to attack Stalingrad, a city named after Stalin. He told Hitler that he was no longer able to command his men, who were without ammunition or food. The Battle of Stalingrad was the turning point for Germany in the Second World War. Then we came into the yard. Other losses included 42 Ju 86s, 9 Fw 200 Condors, 5 He 177 bombers and 1 Ju 290. Around 40,000 civilians were taken to Germany as slave workers, some fled during battle and a small number were evacuated by the Soviets, but by February 1943 only 10,000 to 60,000 civilians were still alive. According to Soviet intelligence documents shown in the documentary, a remarkable NKVD report from March 1943 is available showing the tenacity of some of these German groups: The mopping-up of counter-revolutionary elements in the city of Stalingrad proceeded. [88] The Soviet command moved units from the Red Army strategic reserve in the Moscow area to the lower Volga and transferred aircraft from the entire country to the Stalingrad region. In spite of the failure of the German offensive to reach the 6th Army, the air supply operation continued under ever more difficult circumstances. answer Winter weather conditions, technical failures, heavy Soviet anti-aircraft fire and fighter interceptions eventually led to the loss of 488 German aircraft. Soviet operations were constantly hampered by the Luftwaffe. When the Red Army launched a counterattack, it was time for the Nazis caught in the cauldron to act on the defensive. They were not relieved, and not significantly reinforced, for two months. Initially, supply flights came in from the field at Tatsinskaya,[129] called 'Tazi' by the German pilots. The speech contained an oblique reference to the battle, which suggested that Germany was now in a defensive war. [Note 3]. David Glantz indicated[47] that four hard-fought battles – collectively known as the Kotluban Operations – north of Stalingrad, where the Soviets made their greatest stand, decided Germany's fate before the Nazis ever set foot in the city itself, and were a turning point in the war. This battle is believed to be the bloodiest in the history of wars. Why was The Battle of Stalingrad so Deadly?The Battle of Stalingrad. Some Soviet commanders adopted the tactic of always keeping their front-line positions as close to the Germans as physically possible; Chuikov called this "hugging" the Germans. [93], Fighting raged inside the Barrikady Factory until the end of October. Unidentified Combattants At Stalingrad. During the preparations for the attack, Marshal Zhukov personally visited the front and noticing the poor organisation, insisted on a one-week delay in the start date of the planned attack. Some 35,000 were eventually sent on transports, of which 17,000 did not survive. He denied that he was the commander of the remaining northern pocket in Stalingrad and refused to issue an order in his name for them to surrender. A low-level Soviet envoy party (comprising Major Aleksandr Smyslov, Captain Nikolay Dyatlenko and a trumpeter) carried generous surrender terms to Paulus: if he surrendered within 24 hours, he would receive a guarantee of safety for all prisoners, medical care for the sick and wounded, prisoners being allowed to keep their personal belongings, "normal" food rations, and repatriation to any country they wished after the war. [70] Assigned to counterattack at the Mamayev Kurgan and at Railway Station No. The condition of the troops that surrendered was pitiful. [182] At the time, the global significance of the battle was not in doubt. These bridgeheads in retrospect presented a serious threat to Army Group B. True or False: Despite such a large battle going on, the city and buildings of Stalingrad took very little damage. Stalingrad: Directed by Joseph Vilsmaier. Why Stalingrad? [64] During the battle the 62nd Army had the most arrests and executions: 203 in all, of which 49 were executed, while 139 were sent to penal companies and battalions. Romanian forces destroyed 62 Soviet tanks on 20 November for the cost of 25 tanks of their own, followed by 65 more Soviet tanks on 22 November, for the cost of 10 tanks of their own. Soviets defend a position in Stalingrad, 1943. The Axis suffered 647,300 – 968,374 total casualties (killed, wounded or captured) among all branches of the German armed forces and its allies: 235,000 German and allied troops in total, from all units, including Manstein's ill-fated relief force, were captured during the battle.[161]. Found insideThis novel of unsparing realism and visionary moral intensity is one of the supreme achievements of modern Russian literature. These losses amounted to about 50 percent of the aircraft committed and the Luftwaffe training program was stopped and sorties in other theatres of war were significantly reduced to save fuel for use at Stalingrad. The northern cauldron consisted of the XIth Corps, the central with the VIIIth and LIst Corps, and the southern with the XIVth Panzer Corps and IVth Corps "without units". The USSR lost 4,341 tanks destroyed or damaged, 15,728 artillery pieces and 2,769 combat aircraft. Meanwhile, Battle of Stalingrad’s included Heinkel 111 is almost guaranteed to appear in missions set throughout the war. [76] On the other hand, Beevor noted the often extraordinary bravery of the Soviet soldiers in a battle that was only comparable to Verdun, and argued that terror alone cannot explain such self-sacrifice. The German 6th Army surrendered in the Battle of Stalingrad, 91,000 of the survivors became prisoners of war raising the number to 170,000 in early 1943. The sculptural ensemble symbolizes that the sword is hammered in rear, and then it is handed over to defenders, so that they can stand up to the Nazis. He also presents the tales of many little-known individuals whose experiences form a panoply of the extraordinary courage and self-sacrifice, as well as the terrible depravity and cruelty, of the Second World War. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Below is the article summary. Much of the city was smashed to rubble, although some factories continued production while workers joined in the fighting. The winner was the one that managed to mobilize forces in a better way and adapt to unpredictable circumstances. [33], Similarly, on the southern flank of the Stalingrad sector, the front southwest of Kotelnikovo was held only by the Romanian 4th Army. [29] It was assumed that the fall of the city would also firmly secure the northern and western flanks of the German armies as they advanced on Baku, with the aim of securing its strategic petroleum resources for Germany. Machine-Gewehr Bataillon (mot), Stalingrad Battle Data Project: order of battle, strength returns, interactive map, Documentary showing the recovery of numerous bodies of missing soldiers in the Stalingrad area in 2015, Stalingrad documentaries by the Army University Press, Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland, Faceted Application of Subject Terminology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Stalingrad&oldid=1040337738, Battles and operations of the Soviet–German War, Battles of World War II involving Romania, Battles of World War II involving Hungary, Strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II, World War II aerial operations and battles of the Eastern Front, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from April 2021, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles needing additional references from January 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021, Articles with self-published sources from January 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Expulsion of the Axis from the Caucasus, reversing their gains from the 1942 Summer Campaign, 744 aircraft; 1,666 tanks; 5,762 guns captured. I will not show you shocking documentary photos displaying whole squares covered with bodies in the Nazi uniform. Soviet forces offered little resistance in the vast empty steppes and started streaming eastward. The 51st Army Corps' 295th Infantry Division went after the Mamayev Kurgan hill, the 71st attacked the central rail station and toward the central landing stage on the Volga, while 48th Panzer Corps attacked south of the Tsaritsa River. It was later renamed Stalingrad Front, then had the Don Front split off from it. Visit us on Facebook. Most importantly, the Soviets controlled the ferries to their supplies on the east bank of the Volga. These operations opened the Winter Campaign of 1942–1943 (19 November 1942 – 3 March 1943), which involved some fifteen Armies operating on several fronts. Read today's latest news on the topic Battle of Stalingrad: Volgograd Parade for 75th Anniversary of Stalingrad Victory Draws 30,000 People, Registration was successful! The Battle of Stalingrad is without a shadow of a doubt the bloodiest battle in human history, claiming more lives than many other entire wars combined. The term Stalingrad has become almost synonymous with large-scale urban battles with high casualties on both sides.[192][193][194]. [185] The country celebrated "Red Army Day" on 23 February 1943. There was an overwhelming surge in confidence and belief in victory. Today the city is known as Volgograd, but up until 1961, it was known as Stalingrad, the Soviet dictator’s namesake. Stalingrad was a major blow, but so was the Battle of Moscow, and yet the Germans kept scoring victories afterwards, advancing all the way to Stalingrad (before they got caught in the trap). [62] Amid the debris of the wrecked city, the Soviet 62nd and 64th Armies, which included the Soviet 13th Guards Rifle Division, anchored their defence lines with strong-points in houses and factories. History is very interesting because you get to learn a lot about the past. Location: Stalingrad, Southwestern RussiaDate: July 17th, 1942- February 2nd, 1943Nations Involved: Germany, Hungary, Italy, Romania, and Croatia vs. the Soviet Union Strategy Relevant to the Battle Operation Blue: The plan was to concentrate all available forces in the southern flank of the long front, destroy the front line Russian forces there, and then advance in… The actions resulted in more than 200,000 Soviet Army casualties but did slow the German assault. Rodimtsev's 13th Guards Rifle Division had been hurried up to cross the river and join the defenders inside the city. On 18 September, the Soviet 1st Guards and 24th Army launched an offensive against VIII Army Corps at Kotluban. According to Paulus' comments to Adam, "There is still the order whereby no commander of an army group or an army has the right to relinquish a village, even a trench, without Hitler's consent."[108]. Fighting within the ruined city was fierce and desperate. The Germans would launch one more major offensive – Kursk – in July 1943, but it failed. Salsk was abandoned in turn by mid-January for a rough facility at Zverevo, near Shakhty. Winston Churchill presented the sword to Joseph Stalin in the presence of U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt. Biesinger (2006: 699): "On August 23, 1942, the Germans began their attack.". The fleet's total strength decreased by 40 percent. This large monument (85 m high) represents a woman who is standing half-turned and holding a sword in her hand. The Battle of Stalingrad drastically changed the course of World War II. However, there were only about 50,000 German soldiers at El Alamein in Egypt, while at Stalingrad 300,000 to 400,000 Germans had been lost. 282,606 in the 6th Army from 21 August to the end of the battle; 17,293 in the 4th Panzer Army from 21 August to 31 January; 55,260 in the. 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